![]() However, this sensory modality hinges on the presence of adequate light levels. Information can be rapidly shared through vision, and, thus, visual signals are commonly used by social animals with highly dynamic lifestyles ( 2). In animal communication, complex signals develop to maximize information content and to enhance the efficacy with which information is relayed ( 1). Visual signaling by deep-living cephalopods will likely be critical in understanding how, and how much, information can be shared in one of the planet’s most challenging environments for visual communication. gigas could share design features with advanced forms of animal communication. ![]() Equipped with a mechanism by which complex information can be rapidly relayed through a visual pathway under low-light conditions, our data suggest that the visual signals displayed by D. Numerous small subcutaneous (s.c.) photophores (bioluminescent organs) embedded throughout the muscle tissue make the entire body glow, thereby backlighting the pigmentation patterns. gigas, and related squids, illuminate these patterns to create visual signals that can be readily perceived in the deep, dark ocean. We additionally identify the probable mechanism by which D. We show that specific pigmentation patterns from its diverse repertoire are selectively displayed during foraging and in social scenarios, and we investigate how these behaviors may be used syntactically for communication. We used cameras mounted on remotely operated vehicles to study the behavior of the Humboldt squid, Dosidicus gigas, in its natural deep-sea habitat. Resident visually cued animals have therefore been hypothesized to have simple signals with limited information-carrying capacity. However, most known signaling systems can be restricted by low light levels-a pervasive condition in the deep ocean, the largest inhabitable space on the planet. Visual signals rapidly relay information, facilitating behaviors and ecological interactions that shape ecosystems.
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